According to Bishal Gyawali (Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy Nagoya University School of Medicine), the complex heterogeneity suggests that precision medicine based on matching the name of a drug to the name of a mutation might not work as well as we have imagined them to. Future therapies should focus on ways to minimize copy number alterations or intratumour heterogeneity, if that is possible at all… We asked Bishal if he changed his mind in Chicago and if drug repurposing could be an important measure to address financial toxicity of cancer treatment.